OPTIC NEURITIS

The term is applied to inflammation, demyelinization or degeneration of the optic nerve with impairment of its function.

OPTIC ATROPHY

This refers to irreversible degeneration of the optic disc which develops remarkable pallor with reduction in number of capillaries below 7 against the normal 10 or more,

PAPILLEDEMA (CHOKED DISK)

The term denotes the noninflammatory passive edema of the optic disk secondary to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) from such causes as intracranial space-occupying lesion (ICSOL) like tumors, obstructive hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, meningoencephalitis, toxic encephalopathy, conditions with early closure of sutures and fontanel (craniosynostosis) and pseudotumourcerebri.