This may be present in new-born infants as a congenital abnormality,
In adults it is usually due to malignant lesions in the mediastinum, such as carcinoma or lymphoma, eroding both the trachea and oesophagus to produce a communication between them. Swallowing liquids enter the trachea and bronchi through the fistula and provoke coughing.
Management
Surgical closure of a congenital fistula if undertaken promptly is usually successful. There is usually no curative treatment for malignant fistulae and death from overwhelming pulmonary infection rapidly supervenes.
In adults it is usually due to malignant lesions in the mediastinum, such as carcinoma or lymphoma, eroding both the trachea and oesophagus to produce a communication between them. Swallowing liquids enter the trachea and bronchi through the fistula and provoke coughing.
Management
Surgical closure of a congenital fistula if undertaken promptly is usually successful. There is usually no curative treatment for malignant fistulae and death from overwhelming pulmonary infection rapidly supervenes.
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